COPYRIGHT NOTICE: All articles are the sole copyright of the respective publishers. Materials are provided for personal, educational use only. Click on PDF to download a copy of the article. The documents distributed here have been provided as a means to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work on a noncommercial basis. Copyright and all rights therein are maintained by the authors or by other copyright holders, notwithstanding that they have offered their works here electronically. It is understood that all persons copying this information will adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. These works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.

2024 and in press

Maiolatesi, A., Korkmaz, A., & Ferguson, M. J. (in press). A learning perspective on impression formation research.

Ferguson, M. J., Shen, X Cone, J., & Mann, T.C. (in press).  How do we reduce implicit bias toward outgroups?  In Krosnick, J.A., Stark, T. H & Scott, A.L. (Eds.). The Cambridge Handbook of Implicit Bias and Racism. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Ruisch, B., Lewis, N. A., Jr., & Ferguson, M. J. (registered report accepted in principle). When are women (dis)favored in the hiring process? Nature Human Behavior. pdf

Heycke, T., Aust, F., Banaji, M. R., Cone, J., Van Dessel, P., ..., Ferguson, M. J., ..., & De Houwer, J. (conditionally accepted). Of two minds: A registered replication. Psychological Science. pdf

Surdel, N., Bigman, Y. E., Shen, X., Lee, W. Y., Jung, M. F., & Ferguson, M. J. (2024). Judging robot ability: How people form implicit and explicit impressions of robot competence. Journal of experimental psychology. General, 153(5), 1309–1335. pdf

Kurdi, B., Melnikoff, D. E., Hannay, J. W., Korkmaz, A., Lee, K. M., Ritchie, E., Surdel, N., Vuletich, H. A., Yang, X., Payne, B. K., & Ferguson, M. J. (2024). Testing the automaticity features of the affect misattribution procedure: The roles of awareness and intentionality. Behavior research methods, 56(4), 3161–3194. pdf

*Korkmaz, A., *Mann, T. C., Eibelman, J., Sommers, R., & Ferguson, M. J. (2024). Judging Guilt: Implicit Evaluations of Defendants Predict Verdicts. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 15(4), 471-481. (*shared first authorship). pdf

2023

Prabhakaran, V., Davani, A., Ferguson, M. J., & Atir, S. (2023). Distinguishing address vs. reference mentions of personal names in text. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2, Short Papers. 6801-6809 pdf

Kurdi, B., Krosch, A. R., & Ferguson, M. J. (2023). Oppressed Groups Engender Implicit Positivity: Seven Demonstrations Using Novel and Familiar Targets. Psychological science, 34(10), 1069–1086. pdf

Ruisch, B. C., & Ferguson, M. J. (2023). Did Donald Trump's presidency reshape Americans' prejudices?. Trends in cognitive sciences, 27(3), 207–209. pdf

Shen, X., & Ferguson, M. (2023). Are we stuck on the face? New evidence for when and how people update face-based implicit impressions. In E. Balcetis & G. B. Moskowitz (Eds.), The handbook of impression formation: A social psychological approach (pp. 393–415). Routledge. pdf

2022

Bigman, Y. E.., Surdel, N., & Ferguson, M. J. (2022). Trait attribution explains human-robot interactions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 46, e23. link

Shen, X., Maiolatesi, A.J., Mann, T.C., & Ferguson, M.J. (2022). The Relation Between Updated Implicit Evaluations and the Trust Game. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 14, 911 - 921. pdf

Carlson, R., Bigman, Y., Gray K., Ferguson, M. J., & Crockett, M. (2022). How inferred motives shape moral judgements.  Nature Reviews Psychology, 1, 468-478. pdf

Kurdi, B., Hussey, I., Stahl, C., Hughes, S., Unkelbach, C., Ferguson, M. J., & Corneille, O. (2022). Unaware Attitude Formation in the Surveillance Task? Revisiting the Findings of Moran et al. (2021). International Review of Social Psychology, 35(1): 6, 1–16. pdf

Ruisch, B. C., & Ferguson, M. J. (2022). Changes in Americans' prejudices during the presidency of Donald Trump. Nature human behaviour, 6(5), 656–665. pdf

Katz, J. H., Mann, T. C., Shen, X., Goncalo, J. A., & Ferguson, M. J. (2022). Implicit impressions of creative people: Creativity evaluation in a stigmatized domain. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 169, Article 104116. pdf

Kurdi, B., Mann, T. C., & Ferguson, M. J. (2022). Persuading the Implicit Mind: Changing Negative Implicit Evaluations With an 8-Minute Podcast. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(3), 688-697. pdf

2021

Shen, X., & Ferguson, M. J. (2021). How resistant are implicit impressions of facial trustworthiness? When new evidence leads to durable updating. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 97, Article 104219. pdf

Bentley, J., Davidai, S., Bloomfield, R. J., & Ferguson, M. J. (2021). Identifying bias through post-report interactions.  The Accounting Review, 96(5), 53–78. pdf

Moran, T., Hughes, S., Hussey, I., Vadillo, M. A., Olson, M. A., Aust, F., Bading, K., Balas, R., Benedict, T., Corneille, O., Douglas, S. B., Ferguson, M. J., Fritzlen, K. A., Gast, A., Gawronski, B., Fernandez, T. G., Hanusz, K., Heycke, T., Högden, F., Hütter, M., Kurdi, B., Mierop, A., Richter, J., Sarzynska-Wawer, J., Smith, C. T., Stahl, C., Thomasius, P., Unkelbach, C., & De Houwer, J. (2021). Incidental attitude formation via the surveillance task: A pre-registered replication of the Olson and Fazio (2001) study. Psychological Science, 32, 120-131. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Cone, J. (2021).  The role of intentionality in priming. Psychological Inquiry, 32, pp. 38-40. pdf

Cone, J. Flaharty, & Ferguson, M. J. (2021). The long-term effects of new evidence on implicit impressions of other people. Psychological Science, 32, 173-188. pdf

Melnikoff, D., Stillman, P., Mann, T., Shen, X., & Ferguson, M. J. (2021). Tracking prejudice: A mouse-tracking measure of evaluative conflict predicts discriminatory behavior. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12, 266-272. pdf

Gruber, J., Mendle, J., Akinola, M., … Ferguson, M. J., …Williams, L. A. (2021). The Future of Women in Psychological Science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(3), 483-516. pdf

2020

Stillman, P., Krajbich, & Ferguson, M. J. (2020). Using dynamic monitoring of choices to predict and understand risk preferences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(50), 31738-31747. pdf

Carter, T., Pandey, G., Ferguson, M. J., Hassin, R. R, & Bolger, N. (2020). Has the effect of the American flag on political attitudes declined over time? A case study of the historical context of priming effects. Social Cognition, 38, 489-520. pdf

Kurdi, B., Krosch, A. R., & Ferguson, M. J. (2020). Implicit evaluations of moral agents reflect intent and outcome. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 90, Article 103990. pdf

Shen, X., Mann, T. C., & Ferguson, M. J. (2020). Beware a dishonest face? How we update our implicit impressions of untrustworthy faces.  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 86, 103888. pdf

2019

Cone, J., Flaharty, K., & Ferguson, M. J. (2019).  Believability of evidence matters for correcting social impressions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(20), 9802-9807. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., Mann, T. C., Cone, J., & Shen, X. (2019). When and How Implicit Impressions Can Be Updated. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(4), 331-336. pdf

Mann, T. C., Cone, J., Ferguson, M. J., & Heggeseth, B. (2019). Updating Implicit Impressions: New Evidence on Intentionality and the Affect Misattribution Procedure.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116(3), 349-374. pdf

Stillman, P., & Ferguson, M. J. (2019). Decisional Conflict Predicts Impatience. Journal for the Association of Consumer Research, 4(1), 47-56. pdf

2018

Stillman, P., Shen, X., & Ferguson, M. J. (2018). How Mouse-tracking Can Advance Social Cognitive Theory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(6), 531-543. pdf

Ruisch, B., Cone, J., Shen, X., & Ferguson, M. J. (2018). Dual and single-process perspectives on the role of threat detection in evaluation. Psychological Inquiry, 29(1), 27. pdf

Atir, S., & Ferguson, M. J. (2018). Do you use someone's first name or last?  The answer speaks volumes. Wall Street Journal. link

Atir, S., & Ferguson, M. J. (2018). How Gender Determines the Way We Speak About Professionals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(28), 7278-7283. pdf

2017

Stillman, P., & Ferguson, M. J. (2017).  Devil versus angel: when do they shift into action in the face of temptation? The Conversation, Chicago Tribune, and other outlets.  link

Stillman, P., Medvedev, D., & Ferguson, M. J. (2017). Resisting temptation: Tracking how self-control conflicts are successfully resolved in real time.  Psychological Science, 28(9), 1240-1258. pdf

Cone, J., Mann, T. C., & Ferguson, M. J. (2017). Changing our implicit minds: How, when, and why implicit evaluations can be rapidly revised. In J. M. Olson (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 131–199). Elsevier Academic Press.  pdf

Mann, T., & Ferguson, M. J.  (2017).  Reversing implicit first impressions through reinterpretation after a two-day delay.  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 68, 122–127.  pdf

2016

Critcher, C., & Ferguson, M. J. (2016). “Whether I like it or not, it’s important”: Implicit importance of means predicts self-regulatory persistence and success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110,  818-839.  pdf 

Ferguson, M. J., & Critcher, C. (2016).  How To Tell if Someone Will Succeed.  Time Magazine, The Conversation, and other outlets.  link

Ferguson, M. J. (2016).  Is it too late for Trump and Clinton to become more likable?  Scientific American, Newsweek, The Conversation, and other outlets.  link

Mann, T. C., & Ferguson, M. J. (2016).  How does reinterpretation influence our first impressions?  Keller Center for Research. link

2015

Mann, T., & Ferguson, M. J.  (2015).  Can we undo our first impressions?  The role of reinterpretation in reversing implicit evaluations.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108, 823-849.  pdf  interactive figures

  * Winner, Best Paper Award, ISCON 2016

Cone, J., & Ferguson, M. J. (2015).  He Did What? The role of diagnosticity in revising implicit evaluations.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108, 37-57. pdf

Mann, T., Cone, J., & Ferguson, M. J.  (2015). Social-psychological evidence for the effective updating of implicit attitudes. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38, 32-33.  link

2014

Ferguson, M. J., Carter, T. J., & Hassin, R. R. (2014). Commentary on the attempt to replicate the effect of the American flag on increased Republican attitudes. Social Psychology, 45, 301-302.  pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Mann, T.  (2014).  Effects of evaluation: An example of robust ‘social’ priming. Social Cognition, 32 (Supplement), 68-87. pdf

Critcher, C. R., & Ferguson, M. J. (2014). The cost of keeping it hidden: Decomposing concealment reveals what makes it depleting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 721-735. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., Mann, T. C., & Wojnowicz, M. (2014).  Rethinking duality: Criticisms and ways forward.  Invited chapter in J. Sherman, B. Gawronski, & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual process theories of the social mind (pp. 578-594).  Guilford Press.  pdf

2013

Fukukura, J., Helzer, E., & Ferguson, M. J. (2013).  Prospection by any other name?  A reply to Seligmen et al.  Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(2), 146-150. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Cone, J. (2013).  The mind in motivation: A social cognitive perspective on the role of consciousness in goal pursuit.  Invited chapter in D. Carlston’s (Ed.) Handbook of social cognition (pp. 476-496). Oxford University Press. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Porter, S. (2013).  An examination of categorization processes in organizations: The root of intergroup bias and a route to prejudice reduction.  Invited chapter in Q. Robertson’s (Ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Diversity and Work (pp. 98-114).  Oxford University Press. pdf

Fukukura, J., Ferguson, M. J., & Fujita, K. (2013).  Psychological distance can improve decision making under information overload via gist memory.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142, 658-665. pdf

2012

Ferguson, M. J., & Fukukura, J. (2012).  Likes and dislikes: A social cognitive perspective.  Invited chapter in S. Fiske, & C. N. Macrae (Eds.), Sage Handbook of Social Cognition (pp. 165-189).  Los Angeles: SAGE. pdf

2011

Natanzon, M., & Ferguson, M. J. (2011).  Goal pursuit is grounded: The link between forward movement and achievement.  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 379-382. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Wojnowicz, M. (2011).  The when and how of evaluative readiness: A social cognitive neuroscience perspective.  Personality and Social Psychology Compass, 5, 1018-1038. pdf

Critcher, C., & Ferguson, M. J. (2011). Affect in the abstract: Abstract mindsets promote sensitivity to affect.  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 1185-1191. pdf

Carter, T., Ferguson, M. J., Hassin, R. R. (2011).  A single exposure to the American flag shifts support toward Republicanism up to 8 months later.  Psychological Science, 22, 1011-1018. pdf

Carter, T., Ferguson, M. J., & Hassin, R. R. (2011).  Implicit nationalism as implicit system justification: The case of the United States.  Social Cognition, 29, 341-359. pdf

Moore, S., Ferguson, M. J., & Chartrand, T. (2011).  Affect in the aftermath:  Effects of goal pursuit on implicit evaluations.  Cognition and Emotion, 25, 453-465. pdf

2010

Ferguson, M. J., & Porter, S. C. (2010). What is implicit about goal pursuit? Invited chapter in B. Gawronski & B. K. Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition: Measurement, theory, and applications (pp. 311–331). The Guilford Press. pdf

Swim, J. K., Eyssell, K. M., Quinlivan, E., & Ferguson, M. J. (2010).  Self-silencing to sexism.  Journal of Social Issues, 66, 493-507. pdf

2009

Hassin, R., Ferguson, M. J., Kardosh, R., Porter, S., & Carter, T. (2009).  Précis to implicit nationalism.  Annals of New York Academy of Science, 1167, 135-145. pdf

Ferguson, M. J. & Zayas, V. (2009).  Nonconscious evaluation.  Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 362-366. pdf

Wojnowicz, M., Ferguson, M. J, Dale, R., & Spivey, M. (2009).  The self-organization of deliberate evaluations.  Psychological Science, 20, 1428-1435. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., Carter, T. C., & Hassin, R. R. (2009).  On the automaticity of American nationalism. Invited chapter in J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification. New York: Oxford University Press. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Porter, S. C. (2009). Goals and attitudes: A social cognitive perspective. Invited chapter in G. Moscowitz & H. Grant (Eds.), The Psychology of Goals (pp. 447–479).  New York: Guilford Press. link

2008

Ferguson, M. J. (2008).  On becoming ready to pursue a goal you don’t know you have: Effects of nonconscious goals on evaluative readiness.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1268-1294. pdf

McCulloch, K.C., Ferguson, M. J., Kawada, C., & Bargh, J. A. (2008).  Taking a closer look: On the operation of nonconscious impression formation.  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 514-523. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Bargh, J. A. (2008).  Evaluative readiness: The motivational nature of automatic evaluation.  Invited chapter in A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation (pp. 289–306).  Psychology Press. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., Hassin, R., & Bargh, J. A. (2008).  Implicit motivation: Past, present, and future.  Invited chapter in J. Shah and W. Gardner (Eds.), Handbook of motivation science (pp. 150–166). NY: Guilford. pdf

2007

Hassin, R. R., Ferguson, M. J., Shidlovsky, D., & Gross, T. (2007). Waved by invisible flags: The effects of subliminal exposure to flags on political thought and behavior.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 19757-19761. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Hassin, R. R. (2007).  On the automatic association between America and aggression in news-watchers.  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1632-1647. pdf

Ferguson, M. J. (2007).  On the automatic evaluation of end-states.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 596-611. pdf

Fishbach, A., & Ferguson, M. J. (2007).  The goal construct in social psychology.  Invited chapter in A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins & (Eds.). Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 490-515). Volume II. New York: Guilford Press. pdf

Ferguson, M. J. (2007).  The automaticity of evaluation.  Invited chapter in J. A. Bargh (Ed.), Social Psychology and the Unconscious: The automaticity of higher mental processes (pp. 219-264). Psychology Press. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Bargh, J. A. (2007).   Beyond the attitude object: How automatic attitudes spring from object-centered-contexts.  Invited chapter in B. Wittenbrink and N. Schwarz (Eds.), Implicit measures of attitudes (pp. 216-246).  NY: Guilford. pdf

2005

Ferguson, M. J., Bargh, J. A., & Nayak, D. A. (2005).  After-affects: How automatic evaluations influence the interpretation of unrelated, subsequent stimuli.  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 182-191. pdf

Hassin, R., Aarts, H., & Ferguson, M. J. (2005).  Automatic goal inferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 129-140. pdf

2004

Ferguson, M. J., & Bargh, J. A. (2004).  Liking is for doing: Effects of goal-pursuit on automatic evaluation.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 557-572. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Bargh, J. A. (2004).  How social perception automatically influences behavior.  Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 33-39. pdf

2003-1999

Ferguson, M. J., & Bargh, J. A. (2003).  The constructive nature of automatic evaluation.  In J. Musch & K. C. Klauer (Eds.), The psychology of evaluation: Affective processes in cognition and emotion (pp.169-188). NJ: Erlbaum. pdf

Bayer, U., Ferguson, M. J., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2003).  Voluntary action from the perspective of social-personality psychology.  In S. Maasen & W. Prinz (Eds.), Voluntary action: Brains, minds, and sociality (pp. 86-107).  London: Oxford University Press. pdf

Ferguson, M. J., & Bargh, J. A. (2002).  Sensitivity and flexibility: Exploring the knowledge function of automatic attitudes.  In L. F. Barrett & P. Salovey (Eds.), The wisdom in feeling: Psychological processes in emotional intelligence  (pp. 383-405).  NY: Guilford Press. pdf

Swim, J. K., Hyers, L. L., Cohen, L. L., & Ferguson, M. J. (2001).  Everyday sexism: Evidence for its incidence, nature, and psychological impact from three daily diary studies. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 31-53. pdf

Bargh, J. A., & Ferguson, M. J. (2000).  Beyond behaviorism: On the automaticity of higher mental processes.  Psychological Bulletin, 126, 925-945. pdf

Trope, Y., &  Ferguson, M. J. (2000). How and when preferences influence inferences. In J. Bargh & D. K. Apsley (Eds.), Unraveling the complexities of social life: A festschrift in honor of Robert B. Zajonc.  Washington, D.C.: APA Press. pdf

Trope, Y., Ferguson, M., & Raghunatan, R. (2000).  Mood as a resource in processing self-relevant information.  In J. Forgas (Ed.), Handbook of affect and cognition (Vol. 1).  Guilford Press.

Swim, J. K., Ferguson, M. J., & Hyers, L. L. (1999). Avoiding stigma by association: Subtle prejudice against lesbians as a form of social distancing. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21, 61-68. pdf